Gynecological Cancer
Gynecological cancers are cancers that originate in a woman’s reproductive organs. The most common types include cervical, ovarian, uterine (endometrial), vaginal, and vulvar cancers. Each arises from different tissues and has distinct risk factors and symptoms.
Understanding the Causes & Protection
Risk Factors & Prevention
– Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
– Early Onset of Menstruation or Late Menopause
– Obesity and Diabetes
– Family History (especially ovarian or breast cancer)
– Smoking (linked to cervical and vulvar cancers)
– Never Having Been Pregnant
– Long-Term Use of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
How can it be prevented?
– Get the HPV vaccine (recommended at a young age)
– Regular Pap smears and HPV tests
– Maintain a healthy weight and active lifestyle
– Manage diabetes or high blood pressure
– Avoid smoking
– Monitor menstrual irregularities and unusual discharge
Screening
– Pap Smear (for cervical cancer) every 3 years
– HPV DNA Test
– Pelvic Exams and Transvaginal Ultrasound (for ovarian or uterine cancer)
– Endometrial Biopsy if postmenopausal bleeding occurs
– Genetic Testing (BRCA1/2 mutations for ovarian cancer risk)
Symptoms
– Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding (especially after menopause)
– Pelvic or Abdominal Pain
– Bloating or Feeling Full Quickly
– Changes in Bowel or Urinary Habits
– Unusual Vaginal Discharge
– Pain During Intercourse
– Lump or Ulcer in Vulva or Vagina
