Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer develops in the lining of the esophagus — the muscular tube that carries food and liquid from the throat to the stomach. It often begins in the inner layer and can grow outward, affecting swallowing.
Risk Factors & Prevention
– Tobacco use (smoking or chewing)
– Heavy alcohol consumption
– Chronic acid reflux (GERD) or Barrett’s esophagus
– Obesity
– Diet low in fruits and vegetables
– Exposure to harmful chemicals
– Family history of esophageal cancer
How can it be prevented?
– Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol intake
– Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables
– Maintain a healthy weight
– Treat acid reflux and Barrett’s esophagus early
– Regular check-ups for those at high risk
Screening
– Upper endoscopy to examine the esophagus
– Biopsy of suspicious tissue
– Imaging (CT, PET, MRI) for staging
Symptoms
– Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
– Unexplained weight loss
– Chest pain or pressure
– Hoarseness or chronic cough
– Persistent heartburn or indigestion
