Cervical Cancer – Causes, Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment

Understanding Cervical Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

Cervical cancer occurs in the cells of the cervix — the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It’s one of the most preventable cancers, thanks to screening tests and vaccines.

Causes & Risk Factors

The primary cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Risk factors include multiple sexual partners, weakened immunity, smoking, and long-term use of oral contraceptives.

Common Symptoms

Early stages often have no symptoms. In advanced stages, women may experience:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding (after intercourse, between periods, or after menopause)

• Unusual vaginal discharge

• Pelvic pain

Prevention & Early Detection

• HPV Vaccination (for both boys and girls)

• Regular Pap Smear Tests to detect precancerous changes

• Practicing safe sex

• Quitting smoking

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the stage and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination.